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| What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix! | 什么是GNU？Gnu's Not Unix! |
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GNU1, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it away free to everyone who can use it. 2Several other volunteers are helping me. Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed. |
GNU，代表Gnu's Not Unix，是我正在编写的与Unix完全兼容的软件系统的名称，我将把它免费地发放给使用它的人。另有几个志愿者正在帮助我。非常需要你贡献出你的时间、资金、程序以及设备 。 |
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So far we have an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor commands, a source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator, a linker, and around 35 utilities. A shell (command interpreter) is nearly completed. A new portable optimizing C compiler has compiled itself and may be released this year. An initial kernel exists but many more features are needed to emulate Unix. When the kernel and compiler are finished, it will be possible to distribute a GNU system suitable or program development. We will use TeX3 as our text formatter, but an nroff is being worked on. We will use the free, portable X window system as well. After this we will add a portable Common Lisp, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other things, plus on-line documentation. We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and more. |
到目前为止我们拥有以Lisp为宏命令的Emacs文本编辑器，源代码级的调试器，与yacc兼容的语法分析器，连接程序和大约35种工具。shell（命令行解释器）已接近完成。新的可移植的C编译器已经能够自我编译，可能在今年内发表。一个初级的内核已经存在但仍需要加入更多的特性以模拟Unix。当内核和编译器完成的时候，就可能为发布一份适合程序开发的GNU系统。我们将使用TeX作为我们的文本排版工具，但nroff程序也在编写之中。同时我们将使用免费的，可移植的X视窗系统。除了上面提到的，我们将增加可移植的Common Lisp，Empire游戏，电子表格，和数以百计的其它东西，外加在线文档。我们希望提供Unix系统所提供所有有用的东西，甚至更多。 |
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GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and perhaps eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C and Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will try to support UUCP, MIT Chaosnet, and Internet protocols for communication. |
GNU将能够运行Unix程序，但是不会等同于Unix。我们将根据使用其它操作系统的经验加入一些提高易用性的特性。特别地，我们计划拥有更长的文件名，文件版本号，可以经受当机考验的文件系统，也许还有文件名自动补齐，独立于终端的显示支持，以及以Lisp为基础的视窗系统，通过它几个Lisp程序和普通的Unix程序可以分享一个屏幕。将提供C和Lisp作为系统编程语言。我们将尝试支持UUCP，MIT Chaosnet，以及Internet通信协议。 |
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GNU is aimed initially at machines in the 68000/16000 class with virtual memory, because they are the easiest machines to make it run on. The extra effort to make it run on smaller machines will be left to someone who wants to use it on them. |
GNU初期的目标是运行在具有虚拟内存的68000/16000系列计算机上，因为在这些计算机上使GNU运行起来是最简单的。使GNU运行在更小的计算机上的 额外工作将留给那些希望在那些计算机运行GNU的人来做。 |
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To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the `G' in the word `GNU' when it is the name of this project. |
为了避免混淆，当‘GNU’代表项目的名称时，请把‘G’读出声来。 |
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*The GNU Manifesto which appears below was written by Richard Stallman at the beginning of the GNU project, to ask for participation and support. For the first few years, it was updated in minor ways to account for developments, but now it seems best to leave it unchanged as most people have seen it. Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that different wording could help avoid. Footnotes added in 1993 help clarify these points. For up-to-date information about the available GNU software, please see the latest issue of the GNU's Bulletin. The list is much too long to include here. ** 译者注： 本文阐述了作者创立GNU计划的初衷，以及对一些问题的独到看法。详见
www.gnu.org
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